= Oxygen = Nitrogen = Hydrogen = Carbon = Sulfur

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Alternative Names

• 5-hydroxyindole-3-glucuronide

Classification

• Polar Water Soluble

Molecular Information

• Weight: 308.24 g/mol [1]
• Formula: C13H12NO8 [1]
• Classification: Water-soluble uremic toxin [2]

General Information

• 5-Hydroxyindole (5-HI) is a metabolite produced by the conversion of 5-HTP by gut bacteria. A wide variety of gut bacteria can metabolize the dietary supplement and antidepressant 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) to 5-HI via the tryptophanase (TnaA) enzyme².

Clinical Implications

• 5-hydroxyindole glucuronide is a uremic toxin which is known to have an association with the following diseases:
• • Chronic kidney disease [3].

References

• PubChem. 5-Hydroxyindole-3-glucuronide. Available from: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5-Hydroxyindole-3-glucuronide (accessed Nov 1, 2022).
• Masakane I, Sakurai K. Current approaches to middle molecule removal: room for innovation. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2018 Oct 1;33(suppl_3):iii12-iii21. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfy224. Erratum in: Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2018 Dec 7;:null. PMID: 30281129; PMCID: PMC6168896.
• Poesen R, Viaene L, Verbeke K, Augustijns P, Bammens B, Claes K, Kuypers D, Evenepoel P. Cardiovascular disease relates to intestinal uptake of p-cresol in patients with chronic kidney disease. BMC Nephrol. 2014 Feb 5;15:53. doi: 10.1186/1471-2369-15-53. PMID: 24499455; PMCID: PMC3920574.
• Hydroxyindoles - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics. (n.d.). Www.sciencedirect.com. Retrieved August 24, 2023, from